Tuesday, 17 April 2012

How Do Businesses Use The Internet "(^ o,^)''>

:) To Advertise
Advertising on the World Wide Web is quite different to traditional media. It is interactive, providing an informative and educational experience for the visitor. When people visit your pages, they usually access the site via a link that explains the nature of the content they can expect to find, so they won't be dissappointed.
Advertisement pages are held "out of line", linked to from other pages in which only the linkage appears. So the advertisement can become a brochure, a technical spec, a list of suppliers and agents without taking up space on the page that contains the link. Some go even further and provide extra material to generate goodwill and subsequent visits.

:) To Communicate
To maximise your return from the Internet, you need to understand its benefits, and how you can harness these so that you may incorporate them within your Internet business strategy. Electronic mail is an example. It can be used as a direct analogy with ordinary mail - except that there is a strong bias against electronic junk mail. But there are also automated mailing lists that people can subscribe to. You could establish your own, to support your "virtual community" of clients, customers or suppliers. You can use a World Wide Web site to generate interest and create awareness of both your Company and Products. You can use newsgroups to find the people you need, and discreetly, to show that you exist.

:) To Entertain
Browsing and surfing can be leisure pursuits. The frivolous side of the Internet makes it into an advertising medium, to generate sales and to establish and help reinforce a brand name. So there is scope for games and cartoons, for video clips and eye-candy, for competitions, lotteries and treasure hunts. Creative individuals and groups need a chance to show off their skills, to find publishers, employers and sponsors.

:) To Inform
Why provide information? Academics can establish themselves, their departments and institutes as centres of excellence - and then sell consultancy services, products, technology. The same applies to individuals, sole traders and SMEs, for whom getting publicity and contacts can be a major difficulty. For large well established companies, an altruistic site that provides useful information can be seen as PR.
:) To Publish
The major newspapers have all commited themselves to publishing on a daily basis on the Web. Not only are they developing and expanding their sites they are also attracting digital advertising from major industrial manufacturers and suppliers of goods and services.
For small magazines, there are definite gains. The medium is different - they can operate far more cost effectively, and reduce waste of unsold back copies. Distribution becomes far quicker. Alteration of the pages is both fast and easy. Errors and ommissions can be found and can be corrected even after the pages have gone live on the Web.

:) To Recruit
Numerous recruitment agencies are beginning to employ the Web as a source for not only potential candidates but also for corporate employers to register vacancies. Their current careers service covers Finance, Sales and Marketing, Computers, and Technical.

:) To Research
A prime reason for connecting to the Internet is that it offers rich resources for research. Research is not just for academics. It can be used to find financial results, technologies, solutions, suppliers and experts. It can suggest new product areas, new markets. It can produce new business alliances and partnerships.
You can also use pages to conduct surveys and market research. The material you publish defines the readers you get. If you ask them some questions (but without scaring them off), you can record that data that might be expensive and difficult to collect by conventional means.

:) To Sell
As transactions become more accepted, companies will use the Internet to sell their products directly. Anything that is sold by mail order could equally be sold on the Internet. Electronic money transfers should in the end reduce transaction costs, and this will make it possible to charge small amounts for electronic deliverable goods. New services can be created that use Internet technologies to deliver goods through new outlets with greater convenience.

:) To Support
The prime example of support given over the web is offered by Netscape. Their browser appears with no help files - this makes it smaller, more quickly delivered. Instead the "help" menu points back to home base. So the people at Netscape have always had their latest help files on show. They also operate a variety of discussion groups on their pages, to air problems and share the solutions. They invite you to try out their upgrades. They collect new vendors and partners.

:) To Train
The Internet provides a new medium for interactive training and long distance learning. For organisations that are georaphically spread out, or have many subsidary or associate companies, nationally or internationally, the Internet offers a cost effective concept for education without wasting resources in terms of time and money.

Sunday, 15 April 2012

Lets Learnt about DBMS (^______,^)V

database management system (DBSM)



A collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a database. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes. The following are examples of database applications:

J  computerized library systems
automated teller machines

J  flight reservation systems
computerized parts inventory systems

From a technical standpoint, DBMSs can differ widely. The terms relational,networkflat, and hierarchical all refer to the way a DBMS organizes information internally. The internal organization can affect how quickly and flexibly you can extract information.

Requests for information from a database are made in the form of a query, which is a stylized question. For example, the query

SELECT ALL WHERE NAME = "SMITH" AND AGE > 35

requests all records in which the NAME  field is SMITH and the AGE field is greater than 35. The set of rules for constructing queries is known as a  query language. Different DBMSs support different query languages, although there is a semi-standardized query language called SQL (structured query language). Sophisticated languages for managing database systems are called fourth-generation languages, or 4GLs for short.
The information from a database can be presented in a variety of formats. Most DBMSs include a report writer program that enables you to output  data in the form of a report. Many DBMSs also include a graphics component that enables you to output information in the form of graphs and charts.

Friday, 13 April 2012

Have yOu heaRd abouT " NETWORK TOPOLOGIES"????????

What is a Topology???

The physical topology of a network refers to the configuration of cables, computers, and other peripherals. Physical topology should not be confused with logical topology which is the method used to pass information between workstations. Logical topology was discussed in the Protocol chapter.


Main Types of Physical Topologies are :-

JLinear Bus


J Star

J Tree or Expanded Star


J Linear Bus

A linear bus topology consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end. All nodes (file server, workstations, and peripherals) are connected to the linear cable.

Advantages of a Linear Bus Topology
  • Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus.
  • Requires less cable length than a star topology.

Disadvantages of a Linear Bus Topology
  • Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.
  • Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable.
  • Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.
  • Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution in a large building.



J Star

A star topology is designed with each node (file server, workstations, and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub, switch, or concentrator.

Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing to its destination. The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow. This configuration is common with twisted pair cable; however, it can also be used with coaxial cable or fiber optic cable.

Advantages of a Star Topology
  • Easy to install and wire.
  • No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices.
  • Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.

Disadvantages of a Star Topology
  • Requires more cable length than a linear topology.
  • If the hub, switch, or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled.
  • More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the hubs, etc.



J Tree or Expanded Star

A tree topology combines characteristics of linear bus and star topologies. It consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable. Tree topologies allow for the expansion of an existing network, and enable schools to configure a network to meet their needs.


Advantages of a Tree Topology
  • Point-to-point wiring for individual segments.
  • Supported by several hardware and software venders.

Disadvantages of a Tree Topology
  • Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used.
  • If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down.
  • More difficult to configure and wire than other topologies.


p/s: hope u all like it ok... o.P :)

Tuesday, 10 April 2012

u Got To knOW thiZ... <(^_______^,)

thE Types Of Information Systems....



Information systems differ in their business needs. Also depending upon different levels in organization information systems differ. Three major information systems are


Transaction Processing Systems

TPS processes business transaction of the organization. Transaction can be any activity of the organization. Transactions differ from organization to organization. For example, take a railway reservation system. Booking, canceling, etc are all transactions. Any query made to it is a transaction. However, there are some transactions, which are common to almost all organizations. Like employee new employee, maintaining their leave status, maintaining employees accounts, etc.
This provides high speed and accurate processing of record keeping of basic operational processes. These include calculation, storage and retrieval.
Transaction processing systems provide speed and accuracy, and can be programmed to follow routines functions of the organization.


Management Information Systems

These systems assist lower management in problem solving and making decisions. They use the results of transaction processing and some other information also. It is a set of information processing functions. It should handle queries as quickly as they arrive. An important element of MIS is database.
A database is a non-redundant collection of interrelated data items that can be processed through application programs and available to many users.


Decision Support Systems

These systems assist higher management to make long term decisions. These type of systems handle unstructured or semi structured decisions. A decision is considered unstructured if there are no clear procedures for making the decision and if not all the factors to be considered in the decision can be readily identified in advance.
These are not of recurring nature. Some recur infrequently or occur only once. A decision support system must very flexible. The user should be able to produce customized reports by giving particular data and format specific to particular situations.